Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages,
words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or electromagnetic systems.
Telecommunication occurs when the exchange of information between communicationparticipants
includes the use of technology.
It is transmitted either electrically over physical media, such as cables, or via electromagnetic radiation. Such transmission paths are
often divided into communication channels which
afford the advantages of multiplexing. Since
the Latin term communicatio is
considered the social process of information exchange, the term telecommunications is
often used in its plural form because it involves many different technologies.
Early
means of communicating over a distance included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and
optical heliographs. Other
examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages such
as coded drumbeats,
lung-blown horns, and
loud whistles. 20th- and 21st-century technologies for long-distance
communication usually involve electrical and electromagnetic technologies, such
as telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, fiber optics, and communications satellites.
A
revolution in wireless communication began
in the first decade of the 20th century with the pioneering developments
in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won
the Nobel Prize in Physics in
1909, and other notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of
electrical and electronic telecommunications. These included Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (inventors
of the telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (inventor
of the telephone), Edwin Armstrong and Lee de Forest (inventors
of radio), as well as Vladimir K. Zworykin, John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (some
of the inventors of television).
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